In 1999, the population of Laos was estimated at approximately 5.3 million people. The economy of the country is based largely on agriculture, forestry, and mining. Its main industries are timber, hydropower and tourism. Laos has a long history of strong foreign relations with other countries in Southeast Asia and beyond. In terms of politics, Laos has had a single-party socialist republic since 1975 with Khamtay Siphandone as President since 1998. The National Assembly is responsible for legislative authority in Laos and is elected by universal suffrage every five years. See ethnicityology for Laos in the year of 2018.
Yearbook 1999
Laos. In August, President Siphandone dismissed Khamphoui Keoboulapha from the post of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance. At the same time, the governor of the central bank, Cheuang Sombounekhanh, was dismissed, and as a result it was stated that they both misunderstood the country’s economic policy. Visit Countryaah official website to get information about the capital city of Laos. Another of the four Deputy Prime Ministers, Boungnang Volachit, took over the portfolio as Finance Minister, and Cheuang Sombounekhanh was replaced by Soukhan Maharaj, who was previously governor of one of the country’s 19 provinces.
- Also see Abbreviationfinder.org to see the acronym of LAO which stands for Laos and other definitions of this 3-letter abbreviation.
During the summer, eight Christian Laotians who had been imprisoned for a year were accused of causing social divide through their Bible studies.
In February 1998, the Supreme People’s Congress elected Prime Minister Siphandon as new president. Instead, Sisavat Keobounphan was appointed new prime minister. Deputy President Oudom Khattigna died at the age of 69 in December 1999. Amnesty International put pressure on the country to release its prisoners of conscience. One of these – Thongsouk Saysangkhi – died in prison despite a request for release from Amnesty.
Myanmar, Thailand and Laos signed an agreement in April 1999 on a coordinated fight against the production and export of drugs – especially opium.
In August 1999, President Siphandon deposed Finance Minister Kamphoui Keoboualapha and National Bank Director Cheuang Sombounkham. They were made responsible for the drastic fall in the exchange rate of the country’s currency, Kip. The value of this has fallen 500% over the previous 2 years. In the last years of the 1990s, Laos’ economy had deteriorated seriously.
A series of bomb attacks hit the country in 2000-01. According to the government, the backers were the guerrilla Chao Fa and anti-communist groups based abroad. The Chao Fa group is made up of members from the h’mong people and is accused of receiving help from China. However, a number of observers believe that the assaults could also be due to conflicts within the government. In any case, the celebrations were around the 25th anniversary of the December 2000 communist takeover of peace. Laos is one of the 5 countries in the world where the Communist Party remains in power.
In his opening address to the PPRL Congress in March 2001, President Siphandon acknowledged the failure of administering the country’s fragile economy, but at the same time stated that the party’s goal was to triple per-capita income by 2020. He further stated that the party needed to be strengthened, which has 100,000 members. Congress passed an opinion stating that the party continues its socialist line and “opposes multi-party rule and political pluralism”.
The government intensified the fight against drug trafficking and declared that anyone arrested with over ½ kg of heroin would be sentenced to death. In June 2003, this opportunity was first used by 3 drug dealers.
In October 2001, several European activists were arrested in front of the presidential palace in Vientiane, demonstrating against the arrest of several students the year before during the pro-democracy demonstration. The European Parliament acknowledged the adoption of a resolution which, while not likely to suspend EU aid, but made it dependent on the country’s future political development.
In September 2001, Japan provided a loan for the construction of the Second Friendship Bridge across the Mekong River. The work was started in 2002 and is expected to be completed in 2005.
The conflict with Thailand regarding border crossing in the Mekong River continued in 2002. some islands in the river itself.
At the February 2002 presidential election, Khamtay Siphandon was re-elected. Only one of the 166 candidates was not a member of the PPRL.
In June 2003, three drug traffickers became the first to be sentenced to death after a new law in 2002 allowed the death penalty for drug trafficking.
In July, ministers and delegates from Laos, China, Thailand, Myanmar and India signed a statement pledging to cooperate in the fight against drugs.
In May 2004, a bomb dropped in Vientiane in the Civil Aviation Building. At the attack, the bomber was killed, no one took responsibility and the man could not be identified.
In June 2005, three North Americans were expelled, accused of “interfering with the country’s internal affairs and attempting to obstruct government policy.” They turned out to be members of a California Fact Finding Commission headquartered. According to the Foreign Ministry, they had distorted and blocked the country’s laws and spread arguments against the government. In practice, they had shown tense legs for the government’s resettlement policy towards ethnic minorities, and had urged members of the Hmong people of northern Xieng Khouang province to disrupt public order.
